Belief networks: independence examples

1 b) Conditioning on $C$ makes A and B [...]

2. Conditioning on $D$, a descendent of a collider $C$ makes $A$ and $B$  [...]

3 a) $p(A,B,C)=$ [...]

3 b) Marginalizing over $C$ makes $A$ and $B$ [...]

3 c) Conditioning on $C$ makes $A$ and $B$  [...]

Finally, these following graphs all express the same conditional independence assumptions.