Experiment 2.1.1

def high_pass_filter(img):
    """High-pass filter replicating Photoshops high-pass filter."""
    filter_sd = 400
    filter_size = (999, 999) 
    blurred = cv2.GaussianBlur(img,  filter_size, filter_sd, filter_sd)
    hp = 127.0 + (img - blurred)
    hp = np.clip(hp, 0, 255.0)
    return hp

import tempfile
import zipfile
import urllib
import numpy as np
import torch
import pathlib
import torchvision as tv
import torchvision.datasets
import torchvision.models
import torchvision.transforms
import pandas as pd
from icecream import ic
import json
import xarray as xr
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from collections import namedtuple
import ipyplot
import cv2
import einops
import PIL
import PIL.ImageCms
import IPython

with open('./resources/imagenet-simple-labels.json') as f:
    labels = json.load(f)
    labels_to_id = {s:i for (i,s) in enumerate(labels)}
    
    
NUM_CLASSES = 1000
assert NUM_CLASSES == len(labels)
    
    
def class_id_to_label(cid):
    assert int(cid) == cid
    cid = int(cid)
    return labels[cid]


def label_to_class_id(label):
    return labels_to_id[label]

def imshow(img):
    """Show image. 
    
    Image is a HWC numpy array with values in the range 0-1."""
    img = img*255
    img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
    # cv2 imencode takes images in HWC dimension order.
    _,ret = cv2.imencode('.jpg', img) 
    i = IPython.display.Image(data=ret)
    IPython.display.display(i) 
    
    
def imlist(images, labels=None, use_tabs=False):
    if use_tabs:
        ipyplot.plot_class_tabs(images, labels, max_imgs_per_tab=300)
    else:
        ipyplot.plot_images(images, labels)

# Choose CPU or GPU.
device = torch.device('cuda:0')
#device = "cpu"

# Choose small or large (standard) model variant
#model_name = "resnet18"
model_name = 'resnet50'
def model_fctn():
    if model_name == 'resnet18':
        return tv.models.resnet18(pretrained=True)
    elif model_name == 'resnet50':
        return tv.models.resnet50(pretrained=True)
model = model_fctn()
state = torch.hub.load_state_dict_from_url(tv.models.resnet.model_urls[model_name])
model.load_state_dict(state)
model = model.to(device)
model.eval()


def model_name_str():
    """Returns the printable string form of the model."""
    res = None
    if model_name == 'resnet18':
        res = 'ResNet-18'
    elif model_name == 'resnet50':
        res = 'ResNet-50'
    else:
        raise Exception('Unexpected model.') 
    return res

IMG_SHAPE = (224, 224, 3)

ds_path = pathlib.Path('resources/exp_2/mls_dataset')
def is_empty(path):
    return not any(path.iterdir())
is_downloaded = ds_path.is_dir() and not is_empty(ds_path)
if not is_downloaded:
    ds_path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
    zip_path, _ = urllib.request.urlretrieve('ftp://vis.iitp.ru/mls-dataset/images_preview.zip')
    with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path, "r") as f:
        f.extractall(ds_path)

# Transforms
normalize_transform =  tv.transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
crop = tv.transforms.FiveCrop(size=IMG_SHAPE[0])
pre_norm_transform = tv.transforms.Compose([crop])
norm_transform = tv.transforms.Compose([normalize_transform])

# Data details
num_scenes = 24
ignore_scenes = {1,} # 0: the Macbeth chart
scenes = [s for s in range(1, num_scenes+1) if s not in ignore_scenes]
crops = ['topleft', 'topright', 'bottomleft', 'bottomright', 'center']
Crop = namedtuple('Crop', 'y, x, h, w')
Scene = namedtuple('Scene', 'imagenet_label, id, crop') 
# Choose a crop size that allows for 5 sub-crops of size 224.
crop_size = int(224 * 3/2) # 336 
scenes = [
    Scene('bath towel',      11, Crop(157, 264, crop_size, crop_size)),
    Scene('ping-pong ball',  12, Crop(230, 110, 263,       292)),       # Image made smaller to keep ball in all crops.
    Scene('cup',             13, Crop(157,   0, crop_size, crop_size)), # Not sure if 'cup' or 'coffee mug' is the best class.
    Scene('pot',             14, Crop(117,  50, crop_size, crop_size)), 
    Scene('Granny Smith',    15, Crop(185, 264, crop_size, crop_size)), 
    Scene('bell pepper',     16, Crop(157, 216, crop_size, crop_size)), 
    Scene('banana',          17, Crop(157,   0, crop_size, crop_size)), # This image also contains an orange and apple.
    Scene('coffee mug',      20, Crop(197,  15, 296,       crop_size)), # Image made to keep the cup in all crops.
    Scene('water bottle',    22, Crop( 65, 264, crop_size, crop_size)), 
    Scene('water bottle',    24, Crop( 65,   0, crop_size, crop_size)), # This image also contains a banana.
    Scene('banana',          24, Crop(197,  50, 296,       crop_size))] # This image also contains a water bottle.
illuminants = [
    '2HAL_DESK_LED-B025',
    '2HAL_DESK_LED-B050',
    '2HAL_DESK_LED-B075',
    '2HAL_DESK_LED-B100',
    '2HAL_DESK_LED-BG025',
    '2HAL_DESK_LED-BG050',
    '2HAL_DESK_LED-BG075',
    '2HAL_DESK_LED-BG100',
    '2HAL_DESK_R025',
    '2HAL_DESK_R050',
    '2HAL_DESK_R075',
    '2HAL_DESK_R100',
    '2HAL_DESK_RG025',
    '2HAL_DESK_RG050',
    '2HAL_DESK_RG075',
    '2HAL_DESK_RG100',
    '2HAL_DESK',
    '2HAL']


def img_key(scene_id, imagenet_label, crop_label, illuminant):
    return f'{scene_id}.{imagenet_label}.{crop_label}.{illuminant}'


def rec_2020_to_sRGB(rgb_img):
    """Convert image in REC2020 linear colorspace to an sRGB colorspace image.
    
    This method didn't actually seem to work, yet I'm not exactly sure why, so 
    I'm keeping it here so I can come back and try understand why it isn't working. 
    Below, I ended up using the inbuilt features of PIL instead.
    """
    # Rec 2020 to CIE XYZ
    to_xyz_mat = torch.tensor([[6.36953507e-01, 1.44619185e-01, 1.68855854e-01], 
                               [2.62698339e-01, 6.78008766e-01, 5.92928953e-02], 
                               [4.99407097e-17, 2.80731358e-02, 1.06082723e+00]])
    def dot_vector(m, v):
        return  torch.einsum('...ij,...j->...i', m, v)
    xyz = dot_vector(to_xyz_mat, rgb_img)
    
    # CIE XYZ to sRGB
    to_linear_rgb_mat = torch.tensor([
        [3.2406, -1.5372, -0.4986],
        [-0.9689, 1.8758, 0.0415],
        [0.0557, 0.2040, 1.057]])
    linear_rgb = dot_vector(to_linear_rgb_mat, xyz)
    
    def to_srgb(c):
        res = 12.92*c if c <= 0.0031308 else (1.055 * c**(1/2.4) - 0.055)
        return res
    s_rgb = linear_rgb.apply_(to_srgb)
    s_rgb_chw = einops.rearrange(s_rgb, 'h w c -> c h w')
    return s_rgb_chw


def open_as_srgb(img_path):
    """Open an image and convert it to sRGB.
    
    The image must have an embedded ICC color profile."""
    img = PIL.Image.open(img_path)
    icc = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix='.icc')[1]
    with open(icc, 'wb') as f:
        f.write(img.info.get('icc_profile'))
    srgb = PIL.ImageCms.createProfile('sRGB')
    img = PIL.ImageCms.profileToProfile(img, icc, srgb)
    return img

def mixed_pass(img):
    blurred0 = cv2.GaussianBlur(img,  (999, 999), 400, 400)
    blurred1 = cv2.GaussianBlur(img,  (999, 999), 30, 30)
    #blurred = np.array(blurred, dtype=np.float32)
    t0 = 0.05
    t1 =  0.9
    hp = img*t0 + (1-t0)*(img - blurred0 + 127.0)
    hp = hp*t1 + (1-t1)*(0.5*(hp + blurred1))
    hp = np.clip(hp, 0, 255.0)
    return hp
    
def open_img(scene, illuminant):
    """Open the image corresponding to the given scene and illuminant."""
    img_path = ds_path / 'images_preview' / f'{scene.id:02d}' / f'{scene.id:02d}_{illuminant}.jpg'
    img = open_as_srgb(img_path) 
    img = np.array(img, dtype=np.float32)
    cropped = img[scene.crop.y:scene.crop.y+scene.crop.h, scene.crop.x:scene.crop.x+scene.crop.w, :]
    return cropped


def create_dataset():
    """
    Dataset as a dict. Keys are of the form: 04-topleft-2HAL_DESK_LED-B025.
    Images are 0-1 tensors.
    """
    images = dict()
    for s in scenes:
        for ill in illuminants:
            img = open_img(s, ill)
            #img = np.asarray(img, dtype=np.float32) / 255.0
            img = np.asarray(img, dtype=np.float32)
            #img = high_pass_filter(img)
            img = mixed_pass(img)
            img = img / 255.0
            img = torch.tensor(einops.rearrange(img, 'h w c -> c h w'))
            cropped_images = pre_norm_transform(img)
            for crop_label, ci in zip(crops, cropped_images):
                images[img_key(s.id, s.imagenet_label, crop_label, ill)] = ci
    return images

ds = create_dataset()


def get_ds_image(ds, scene, illuminant, subcrop):
    # img is torch in CxHxW format.
    img = ds[img_key(scene.id, scene.imagenet_label, subcrop, illuminant)]
    img = einops.rearrange(img, 'c h w -> h w c').numpy()
    return img


def print_originals():
    """Print the images before the 5-crop transformation.
    
    Only images for one illumination are printed."""
    images = []
    labels = []
    for s in scenes:
        img = open_img(s, illuminants[-2])
        labels.append(s.imagenet_label)
        images.append(img)
    imlist(images, labels)
            

def print_dataset(inc_illuminants=None):
    """Print the dataset images.
    
    Args:
        inc_illuminants (set): restrict the illuminants to this set. Without
                               setting this option, the number of images printed
                               with be quite large (11x5x18).
   """
    if not inc_illuminants:
        inc_illuminants = set(illuminants)
    ds = create_dataset()
    tab_labels = []
    images = []
    custom_labels = []
    for k,v in ds.items():
        sid, imagenet_label, crop, illuminant = k.split('.')
        if not illuminant in inc_illuminants:
            continue
        tab_labels.append(illuminant)
        images.append(einops.rearrange(v.numpy(), 'c h w -> h w c'))
        custom_labels.append(f'{imagenet_label} ({crop})')
        
    ipyplot.plot_class_tabs(images, tab_labels, custom_labels, max_imgs_per_tab=200)

print_originals()

inc_illuminants={'2HAL_DESK', '2HAL_DESK_RG075', '2HAL_DESK_LED-B100'}
print_dataset(inc_illuminants)

def run_all_images_through_ResNet():
    """Input the images into the ResNet model and collect results.
    
    Returns: results as an xarray.DataArray.
    """
    ds = create_dataset()
    raw_data = np.zeros((len(scenes), len(crops), len(illuminants), NUM_CLASSES))
    classification_val_id_pairs = []
    for idx, s in enumerate(scenes): 
        for crop_idx, crop in enumerate(crops):
            classification_ids = []
            for ill_idx, ill in enumerate(illuminants):
                img = ds[img_key(s.id, s.imagenet_label, crop, ill)]
                input_ = torch.unsqueeze(normalize_transform(img), 0).to(device)
                model_out = model.forward(input_)
                raw_data[idx][crop_idx][ill_idx][:] = model_out.squeeze().detach().cpu()
    xdata = xr.DataArray(raw_data,  
                         coords={'scene':range(len(scenes)), 'crop':crops,  'illuminant':illuminants, 
                                 'class_id':np.arange(0, NUM_CLASSES)})
    return xdata
data = run_all_images_through_ResNet()

data

# Organise the data into some useful formats. 
# These results are used throughout the rest of the notebook. 
#
# 1. classifications
#    Flatten the class_id dimension so that the table is now a table of the 
#    class ids chosen by the ResNet model (the max class output).
# 2. is_equal_ground_truth 
#    The classifications table is converted to true/false depending on whether 
#    the output matches the ground truth (ground truth is decided by me).
# 3. classification_hist
#    A pseudo histogram. Count how many different classes ImageNet classifies a 
#    single scene-crop image set. That is, over all 18 illuminations, how many 
#    different classes are assigned by ResNet?
# 4. diversities
#    The classification_hist can be seen as a list of distributions. For each
#    distribution, calculate a measure of diversity. The measure of diversity 
#    chosen is entropy.
classifications = data.argmax(dim='class_id')
is_equal_groundtruth = []
for idx, group in classifications.groupby('scene'):
    is_equal_groundtruth.append(xr.where(group == label_to_class_id(scenes[idx].imagenet_label), True, False))
is_equal_groundtruth = xr.concat(is_equal_groundtruth, dim='scene')

def entropy(x):
    """Shannon entropy."""
    x = x / x.sum()
    # Filled allows log(0) to be ignored and set as 0.
    l = np.ma.log2(x).filled(0)
    entr = -np.sum(x*l)
    return entr
diversity_measure = entropy

def unique_counts(x):
    _, unique_counts = np.unique(x, return_counts=True)
    # There can be as many as 18 unique classes; however in reality, 
    # the most I saw was 7, so I'd like to set the number of bins 
    # to be about 8 to make the graphs clearer. Unfortunately,
    # xarray forces the output axis to have the same size as 
    # the original, so we are stuck with 18.
    bin_count = len(illuminants)
    res = np.zeros([bin_count])
    res[0:len(unique_counts)] = unique_counts
    return res
classification_hist = classifications.reduce(
    lambda x,axis: np.apply_along_axis(unique_counts, axis, x), 
    dim='illuminant')
diversities = classification_hist.reduce(
    lambda x,axis: np.apply_along_axis(diversity_measure, axis, x),
    dim='illuminant')
ave_scores = data.max(dim='class_id').mean(dim='illuminant')

def show_pseudo_distribution_grid():
    # The most unique classifications observed for a given scene-crop was 8 (maximum 
    # possible is 18, the number of illuminations). Cutting off the extra x axis makes
    # the charts less compacted, so hopefully easier to read.
    max_unique = 8 
    fg = classification_hist.isel(illuminant=slice(0, max_unique+1)).plot.step(x='illuminant', col='crop', row='scene')
    fg.set_axis_labels('classes', 'classification counts')
    for ax in fg.axes.flat:
        #ax.get_xaxis().set_visible(False)

        ax.tick_params(labelbottom=False)
    fg.fig.tight_layout()
    IPython.display.display(IPython.display.Markdown('### Classification histograms for each scene-crop pair'))
    IPython.display.display(IPython.display.Markdown('The x-axis represents _unordered_ ImageNet classes that '
                                                     'the machine thought was most likely for _at least one illuminant_.'))
    fg.fig.show()
   

show_pseudo_distribution_grid()

plt.scatter(diversities, ave_scores)
plt.title('Classification Confidence vs Classification Diversity for\nEach Cropped Image (Illumination is Varied)')
plt.xlabel('Classification diversity (entropy, base 2) over the 18 images')
plt.ylabel('Confidence\n(mean of the 18 max output\nactivations of ResNet)')
plt.show()

mean_diversity = diversities.mean()
mean_diversity.data

green = '#80b696'
gray = '#565656'
def plot_by_illuminant(condense=False):
    data = is_equal_groundtruth.stack(scene_crop=('scene', 'crop'))
    if condense:
        by_scene_crop = data.groupby('scene_crop')#, squeeze=True)
        non_zero = []
        for _,g in by_scene_crop:
            if g.any() and not g.all():
                non_zero.append(g)
        data = xr.concat(non_zero, dim='scene_crop')
    y_ticks = data.illuminant.data
    x_ticks = [f'{c}-{s}' for (s,c) in data.scene_crop.data]
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15,15))
    ax.set_title(f'{model_name_str()} classification (correct/incorrect) for illumination vs. crop-scene pair')
    ax.set_ylabel('scene illumination')
    ax.set_xlabel('crop-scene pair')
    ax.set_xticks(np.arange(data.shape[1]))
    ax.set_yticks(np.arange(data.shape[0]))
    plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(), rotation=90, ha='right', rotation_mode='anchor')
    ax.set_xticklabels(x_ticks)
    ax.set_yticklabels(y_ticks)
    cmap = mpl.colors.ListedColormap([gray, green])
    ax.imshow(data, cmap=cmap)
    fig.show()
plot_by_illuminant(condense=False)

plot_by_illuminant(condense=True)

by_illuminant = is_equal_groundtruth.sum(dim=['scene', 'crop'])
#ans.plot()
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_title(f'Correct classification counts for {model_name_str()} under different illumination')
ax.set_ylabel('scene illumination')
ax.set_xlabel('number of correct classifications (max. possible is 55)')
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(0, len(illuminants)))
ax.set_yticklabels(illuminants)
ax.barh(np.arange(len(illuminants)), by_illuminant.data, color=green)
fig.show()

worst_illum, best_illum = illuminants[3], illuminants[14]
print(f'Best illuminant: {best_illum}')
print(f'Worst illuminant: {worst_illum}')
example_best = np.asarray(open_as_srgb(ds_path / 'images_preview' / '03' / f'03_{best_illum}.jpg'))
example_worst = np.asarray(open_as_srgb(ds_path / 'images_preview' / '03' / f'03_{worst_illum}.jpg'))
imlist([example_best, example_worst], ['best illuminant', 'worst illuminant'])

def compare_classifications():
    images = []
    tab_labels = []
    class_labels = []

    for s in is_equal_groundtruth.scene:
        for c in is_equal_groundtruth.crop:
            res_best_illum = is_equal_groundtruth.sel(scene=s, crop=c, illuminant=best_illum)
            res_worst_illum = is_equal_groundtruth.sel(scene=s, crop=c, illuminant=worst_illum)
            label = None
            if res_best_illum:
                if res_worst_illum:
                    label = 'both correct'
                else:    
                    label = 'best illum correct, worst illum incorrect'
            else:
                if res_worst_illum:
                    label = 'best illum incorrect, worst illum correct'
                else:
                    label = 'both incorrect'
            #images.append(open_img(scenes[s.data], best_illum))
            images.append(get_ds_image(ds, scenes[s.data], best_illum, c.data))
            images.append(get_ds_image(ds, scenes[s.data], worst_illum, c.data))
            class_labels.append(class_id_to_label(classifications.sel(scene=s, crop=c, illuminant=best_illum)))
            class_labels.append(class_id_to_label(classifications.sel(scene=s, crop=c, illuminant=worst_illum)))
            tab_labels.append(label)
            tab_labels.append(label)
    ipyplot.plot_class_tabs(images, tab_labels, class_labels)
compare_classifications()